~~NOTOC~~ ====== Certificates ====== {{INLINETOC 2}} ===== Certificates for SAML-based communication ===== In the context of SAML-based communication between IdP and SP, certificates are used for purposes of signature validation and encryption. Those certificates must be registered for the respective entity using the [[en:metadata_admin_tool|metadata administration tool]]. **The general rule is:** Entities with invalid (i.e. expired or revoked) certificates are automatically removed from the productive DFN-AAI federation! ==== Information for Identity Providers / Attribute Authorities ==== Cf. [[de:shibidp:prepare-zert|Vorbereitung: Zertifikate]] ==== Information for Service Providers ==== All certificates and the respective private keys used for SAML-based communication have to be added to your SP's configuration, no matter which of the options mentioned below you choose. With Shibboleth SP this is the ''CredentialResolver'' element in /etc/shibboleth/shibboleth2.xml (see [[de:shibsp|Shibboleth SP (de)]]). \\ === DFN-PKI Certificates === For SAML-based communication, 3-year valid certificates from the [[https://www.pki.dfn.de/dfn-verein-community-pki|DFN-Verein Community PKI]] are recommended. If you are entitled to request certificates issued by DFN-PKI, please select the "Shibboleth IdP SP" profile when submitting your CSR. Upload the server certificate in the metadata administration tool. \\ === Common Trusted CA Certificates === You can use certificates issued by common Certification Authorities (CAs) that are preinstalled in the most common web browsers (Google Chrome, Firefox, Microsoft Edge). If you get an "Issuer not found" warning for such a certificate please contact our [[hotline@aai.dfn.de|helpdesk]]. \\ === Be careful with wildcard certificates! === Since wildcard certificates are valid for an entire subdomain and can therefore be used for several entities at the same time, the potential damage in the event of a compromise of the private key is significantly higher than with certificates for precisely specified FQDNs. Therefore, wildcard certificates should only be used in the DFN-AAI if the usage scenario technically requires it. For example, there are software systems, especially in the library context, which dynamically generate host names and which do not work with conventional certificates. Examples of such software: EZProxy, Netman/HAN. \\ One and the same wildcard certificate should not be used on different servers with different services, purposes or protection classes. Due to the higher potential for damage in the event of compromise, wildcard certificates are not a proven means of saving work when applying for and deploying certificates. \\ Wildcard certificates are therefore only accepted in the DFN-AAI below sub-domains or second-level domains that are used exclusively for a clearly defined purpose, e.g. for ''"*.ub.uni-example.de"'' or for ''"*.medizin.uni-example.de"'', but not for ''"*.uni-example.de"''. \\ === Own/Local CA === For certificates from a local CA the same rules apply as for self-signed certificates, see below. \\ === Self-signed Certificates === Self-signed certificates may be used if they are not valid for longer than 39 months. For production, the CN (or the subject alternative names) of the certificate must at least contain the domain name of the SP. Ideally it should contain the complete host name. As for the technical details, please refer to the online documentation of [[https://www.switch.ch/aai/guides/sp/configuration/#4|SWITCHaai]]. Please note that the period of validity must be set at 3 years or a maximum of 39 months (keygen tool: ''-y 3'', openssl: ''-days 1170''). \\ **As for Service Providers that are already registered with another federation, the same certificate (i.e. the one registered with the other federation) may be used even if the aforementioned requirements are not met.** In this case, please drop a note to the DFN-AAI [[hotline@aai.dfn.de|helpdesk]]. === Please avoid the following certificates === == Wildcard certificates == The use of wildcard certificates is only permitted in duly justified cases. == Letsencrypt == We strongly advise against the use of Letsencrypt certificates for SAML-based communication as they expire after 90 days. Every time, you would have to do a manual certificate rollover in the metadata administration tool. The SP configuration has to be adapted twice for a rollover, too. That is why we recommend self-signed certificates with a validity of 3 years. (If you are securing your webserver with Letsencrypt certificates, that is obviously no problem.) **Next step:** [[en:functionaltest|Functional Tests]] ==== Certificate / Key Rollover (SP) ==== Whenever you switch to a new certificate, both the old and the new one are temporarily part of the federation's metadata. We recommend the documentation of SWITCHaai: * [[https://www.switch.ch/aai/guides/idp/certificate-rollover/|Shibboleth IdP, Step 0]] (Important: Tomcat User must have read access both on the private key and the certificate) * [[https://www.switch.ch/aai/guides/sp/certificate-rollover/|Shibboleth SP, Step 0]] * [[https://www.switch.ch/aai/support/certificates/embeddedcerts-requirements-appendix-a/|OpenSSL]] Note: When their documentation tells you to wait two hours, you should wait a whole day as the distribution of metadata to all DFN-AAI participants can take that long. If you have a DFN-PKI certificate, replace their referrals to self-signed certificates with the DFN-PKI certificate. There is also some documentation in the [[https://wiki.shibboleth.net/confluence/display/SP3/Multiple+Credentials#MultipleCredentials-KeyRollover|Shibboleth Wiki]]. ===== The SSL certificate chain on your webserver ===== Your webserver's SSL configuration is not directly affected by the configuration of SAML-based communication in DFN-AAI. That said, the webserver still has to deliver a valid certificate chain: The binding URLs are secured by SSL/TLS as well as the IdP/SP websites. If end users' devices validate the certificate chain they will encounter errors on your site. Android devices, for example, will not trust the connection. With Shibboleth IdPs, you can verify it by calling the status page (https://idp.domain.tld/idp/status). With Shibboleth SPs, we recommend to check the Session Handler (https://sp.domain.tld/Shibboleth.sso/Session). To configure a complete SSL certificate chain on your webserver proceed like this: * You need a file containing the private key. On a linux machine, it should be something like /etc/ssl/private/idp.domain.tld.key. You also need the respective server certificate which you could put in /etc/ssl/localcerts/idp.domain.tld.pem. * Create a third file containing the complete chain, e.g. /etc/ssl/certs/idp.domain.tld.pem. Add this file to your webserver's configuration. It contains: * the server certificate * one or more matching intermediate certificates * the CA's root certificate These certificates are appended to the file in this order. You may add comments in between (beginning with a "#"). The chains must not contain any additional certificates. Below you can find the full certificate chain for dfn.de as an example. Here is how you test whether the certificates in the chain file match: * Check the issuer hash of the server certificate: $ openssl x509 -in idp.domain.tld.pem -noout -issuer_hash 6ded7378 * Check the hash of the first intermediate certificate. It should match the server certificate's issuer hash. $ openssl x509 -in intermediate1.pem -noout -hash 6ded7378 * Next, check the issuer hash of the first intermediate certificate: $ openssl x509 -in intermediate1.pem -noout -issuer_hash 6107e209 If there is another intermediate certificate, compare the above issuer hash with its hash and so on. Like this, you crawl up to the root certificate step by step. If you use the Apache webserver, point the SSLCACertificateFile directive to your chain file. (See the example configuration on [[de:shibidp:prepare-http#vhost-konfiguration|IdP Preparations: Webserver]] (de) resp. [[de:shibsp#konfigurationsbeispiel|Shibboleth SP configuration example]]). Once you have added you certificate chain, adapted your configuration and activated it you can verify it with OpenSSL: $ openssl s_client -connect idp.domain.tld:443 Below you can see the answer of dfn.de's webserver as an example. As an alternative you can use external services, e.g. the [[https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/|SSLLabs]] website. **Next step:** [[en:functionaltest|Functional Tests]] Example 1: The certificate chain of the domain dfn.de: -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIGuTCCBaGgAwIBAgIHG62QVcsWyjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBeMQswCQYDVQQGEwJERTETMBEG A1UEChMKREZOLVZlcmVpbjEZMBcGA1UECxMQR2VzY2hhZWZ0c3N0ZWxsZTEfMB0GA1UEAxMWREZO LVZlcmVpbi1HUy1DQSAtIEcwMjAeFw0xNjA3MTkxMTQ1MTBaFw0xOTA3MDkyMzU5MDBaMHQxCzAJ BgNVBAYTAkRFMQ8wDQYDVQQIDAZCZXJsaW4xDzANBgNVBAcMBkJlcmxpbjETMBEGA1UECgwKREZO LVZlcmVpbjEZMBcGA1UECwwQR2VzY2hhZWZ0c3N0ZWxsZTETMBEGA1UEAwwKd3d3LmRmbi5kZTCC AiIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggIPADCCAgoCggIBAKcYkmWirzUyF/bToNNi6LUF2CWFqPc3dZJD KSyCH/Qh2D8rGVbyDSSa9q3yyqCzwaax7YX6V52aDVvb1kn461hPgwu/gI4ET9sprtrpdOrtrCyM Q38w0JqWLskho16zSWePjI4HrbMXDNB7d6MwQtL/xzZZdVaBLOYxRWhcrv25VmYTak8mHO6Yy3yb 0bXax3gMUhpAjkzEVYB9xVnvDOUVQMu5RWyrLlGl8icVN5lJq/GiR5HgnTB4/C0eW7+OoFwVS1XE 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AUlfckE8FQYBjl2tqriTtM2e66foai1SNNs671x1Udrb8zH57nGYMsRUFUQM+ZtV7a3fGAigo4aK Se5TBY8ZTNXeWHmb0mocQqvF1afPaA+W5OFhmHZhyJF81j4A4pFQh+GdCuatl9Idxjp9y7zaAzTV jlsB9WoHtxa2bkp/AgMBAAGjQjBAMB0GA1UdDgQWBBQxw3kbuvVT1xfgiXotF2wKsyudMzAPBgNV HRMECDAGAQH/AgEFMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOCAQEAlGRZrTlk5ynr E/5aw4sTV8gEJPB0d8Bg42f76Ymmg7+Wgnxu1MM9756AbrsptJh6sTtU6zkXR34ajgv8HzFZMQSy zhfzLMdiNlXiItiJVbSYSKpk+tYcNthEeFpaIzpXl/V6ME+un2pMSyuOoAPjPuCp1NJ70rOo4nI8 rZ7/gFnkm0W09juwzTkZmDLl6iFhkOQxIY40sfcvNUqFENrnijchvllj4PKFiDFT1FQUhXB59C4G dyd1Lx+4ivn+xbrYNuSD7Odlt79jWvNGr4GUN9RBjNYj1h7P9WgbRGOiWrqnNVmh5XAFmw4jV5mU Cm26OWMohpLzGITY+9HPBVZkVw== -----END CERTIFICATE----- Example 2: Checking dfn.de's certificate chain: $ openssl s_client -connect dfn.de:443 CONNECTED(00000003) --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=DE/ST=Berlin/L=Berlin/O=DFN-Verein/OU=Geschaeftsstelle/CN=www.dfn.de i:/C=DE/O=DFN-Verein/OU=Geschaeftsstelle/CN=DFN-Verein-GS-CA - G02 1 s:/C=DE/O=DFN-Verein/OU=Geschaeftsstelle/CN=DFN-Verein-GS-CA - G02 i:/C=DE/O=DFN-Verein/OU=DFN-PKI/CN=DFN-Verein PCA Global - G01 2 s:/C=DE/O=DFN-Verein/OU=DFN-PKI/CN=DFN-Verein PCA Global - G01 i:/C=DE/O=Deutsche Telekom AG/OU=T-TeleSec Trust Center/CN=Deutsche Telekom Root CA 2 --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIGuTCCBaGgAwIBAgIHG62QVcsWyjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBeMQswCQYDVQQG EwJERTETMBEGA1UEChMKREZOLVZlcmVpbjEZMBcGA1UECxMQR2VzY2hhZWZ0c3N0 ZWxsZTEfMB0GA1UEAxMWREZOLVZlcmVpbi1HUy1DQSAtIEcwMjAeFw0xNjA3MTkx MTQ1MTBaFw0xOTA3MDkyMzU5MDBaMHQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkRFMQ8wDQYDVQQIDAZC ZXJsaW4xDzANBgNVBAcMBkJlcmxpbjETMBEGA1UECgwKREZOLVZlcmVpbjEZMBcG A1UECwwQR2VzY2hhZWZ0c3N0ZWxsZTETMBEGA1UEAwwKd3d3LmRmbi5kZTCCAiIw DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggIPADCCAgoCggIBAKcYkmWirzUyF/bToNNi6LUF2CWF qPc3dZJDKSyCH/Qh2D8rGVbyDSSa9q3yyqCzwaax7YX6V52aDVvb1kn461hPgwu/ gI4ET9sprtrpdOrtrCyMQ38w0JqWLskho16zSWePjI4HrbMXDNB7d6MwQtL/xzZZ dVaBLOYxRWhcrv25VmYTak8mHO6Yy3yb0bXax3gMUhpAjkzEVYB9xVnvDOUVQMu5 RWyrLlGl8icVN5lJq/GiR5HgnTB4/C0eW7+OoFwVS1XE4EzK33rWE9d+xL1Yqykz bo3jJ2X5mOxaRwLN4Hn3oHuVOlWYMkfsLl9UOb0aFPX/Qr/230vVFE6fm+2OgWan CWL+Oy6Xq4Cd2AkpvNQCJHYSSg6KECC76QATYgc5P8Jj31frhRl1XSodJI5osX+m bff4uYVk2zxF9ZoZli72ZGLuSch7jaHiLeu9cN7Zd7JwFiy0FfJzc9+VfGLkaXpa LCJcsfyXnknmww+uYyX0JJShihw9RWdUoJzU+qxeE9hcDl6BCfuF52PLFN4Y0aFL IHzFaqsbRAL7zTI04KgGKHfZu6akq/jcqutUJ7RvuvxN0Q2bQibAVWdmq5wIzriR bu1qGk/akKgmaVBJdLAu/geEq/baagX/rn5G65DdN5gPdMaunjd2VqB/Nv4hOwWw Sdzlnz6l89I6vw5lAgMBAAGjggJkMIICYDBZBgNVHSAEUjBQMBEGDysGAQQBga0h giwBAQQDBTARBg8rBgEEAYGtIYIsAgEEAwEwDwYNKwYBBAGBrSGCLAEBBDANBgsr BgEEAYGtIYIsHjAIBgZngQwBAgIwCQYDVR0TBAIwADAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBaAw EwYDVR0lBAwwCgYIKwYBBQUHAwEwHQYDVR0OBBYEFIF3gnMmkYr29LCAW/fCaSPG bWbcMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFHmiYi/O8QY5Uud2bWLH3ptqdUtJMB0GA1UdEQQWMBSC Cnd3dy5kZm4uZGWCBmRmbi5kZTCBkQYDVR0fBIGJMIGGMEGgP6A9hjtodHRwOi8v Y2RwMS5wY2EuZGZuLmRlL2Rmbi12ZXJlaW4tZ3MtY2EvcHViL2NybC9nX2NhY3Js LmNybDBBoD+gPYY7aHR0cDovL2NkcDIucGNhLmRmbi5kZS9kZm4tdmVyZWluLWdz LWNhL3B1Yi9jcmwvZ19jYWNybC5jcmwwgd8GCCsGAQUFBwEBBIHSMIHPMDMGCCsG AQUFBzABhidodHRwOi8vb2NzcC5wY2EuZGZuLmRlL09DU1AtU2VydmVyL09DU1Aw SwYIKwYBBQUHMAKGP2h0dHA6Ly9jZHAxLnBjYS5kZm4uZGUvZGZuLXZlcmVpbi1n cy1jYS9wdWIvY2FjZXJ0L2dfY2FjZXJ0LmNydDBLBggrBgEFBQcwAoY/aHR0cDov L2NkcDIucGNhLmRmbi5kZS9kZm4tdmVyZWluLWdzLWNhL3B1Yi9jYWNlcnQvZ19j YWNlcnQuY3J0MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQAtQeS6o4JfUhfkIDdS7g+LiiQ/ x2wxhLbt8C9V70dMzCzULKTFIYOwQmnJoYPIugGEGVTXcMzZpaPwnelmnwmIkrtB wKP1Veo9XCM9aOuzXvk/HTeclwEBOmjPlR1JRmSpQlchUc+jD1x2NWHv1UZp3xQM yi1E/49XuKe/L1hpK42L/EvPACQKaxnNuiu8ExNMc6Gkshv7qQ8gkm52tsWcnYE6 DXVx1vre40iO+mKYuJDoAcJrUlSliDIfCZv8Gy+Ob/kqjs4innHe4bWENGi5dnCP R+p9u3UIXisS23pBOkuQ6BxqytusVNMLkpAGlhQ54tmLzsXcRUNaB1BaBAg+ -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/C=DE/ST=Berlin/L=Berlin/O=DFN-Verein/OU=Geschaeftsstelle/CN=www.dfn.de issuer=/C=DE/O=DFN-Verein/OU=Geschaeftsstelle/CN=DFN-Verein-GS-CA - G02 --- No client certificate CA names sent Peer signing digest: SHA512 Server Temp Key: DH, 4096 bits --- SSL handshake has read 6206 bytes and written 879 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 Server public key is 4096 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE No ALPN negotiated SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1.2 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 Session-ID: D301F7F9B6EB863BB50BC4835D21D1E1968E1B75BE6DA6D95A5596DC24DFAC4E Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 7063B7AC194326726E70B8FB7FE8C4E3439BA7211A4F8BE33C65A4F99EDEAB6CAF8AC50C381241F40872663F0E42CC8D Key-Arg : None PSK identity: None PSK identity hint: None SRP username: None TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds) TLS session ticket: 0000 - 61 17 03 0a 3d 98 01 89-36 40 ab 89 ec 24 40 07 a...=...6@...$@. 0010 - 22 e8 5c 98 84 ae 91 07-9e 08 b9 5a 41 c0 12 21 ".\........ZA..! 0020 - a3 5d 5c 07 98 1e c3 45-ef c4 bc 64 e0 1e 84 1a .]\....E...d.... 0030 - f5 fe 79 f1 9e a1 b2 31-35 3b 90 bb 23 ef af 5b ..y....15;..#..[ 0040 - 17 50 25 7f 8d bf 66 9e-78 34 a2 8e f4 a5 f5 ee .P%...f.x4...... 0050 - 77 c5 9c 5e 9a eb ce ca-e5 18 fd 95 13 6b ae 6e w..^.........k.n 0060 - 7a 0f ce 16 29 7d 4d 4f-30 ed ab 13 aa c6 24 7a z...)}MO0.....$z 0070 - 03 f1 df 36 f4 5b 31 fa-9b b7 4e a8 87 ad f1 b2 ...6.[1...N..... 0080 - 83 20 b0 c6 19 6a e1 5f-1f 12 9e cf ae b4 67 2d . ...j._......g- 0090 - 37 8c 86 48 b7 86 22 30-1c ad ca 30 52 be 87 af 7..H.."0...0R... 00a0 - 52 70 bf ed 9c ac 77 e7-50 e5 90 36 60 fc 48 8c Rp....w.P..6`.H. 00b0 - 8f 2c 85 16 32 e8 e8 3b-48 d7 fe 3f c0 a0 7a f4 .,..2..;H..?..z. Start Time: 1512118825 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- **Next step:** [[en:functionaltest|Functional Tests]]